Ed shoot biomass of Meeker, Saanich, Willamette, Chemainus, Cascade Bounty, and
Ed shoot biomass of Meeker, Saanich, Willamette, Chemainus, Cascade Bounty, and Anne grown in non-fumigated soil by at the least 24 when compared with these grown in fumigated soil. Root biomass of all of the red raspberry varieties evaluated, also as R. niveus and R. leucodermis was reduced by at least 22 when grown in soil infested with P. penetrans in comparison with plants grown in fumigated soil. Just after six months, P. penetrans populations enhanced drastically on all varieties with the extremes being five,281 P. penetrans/g root recovered from Anne and 765 P. penetrans/g root recovered from R. niveus. There was a significant difference (P 0.05) among the amount of P. penetrans/g root recovered from R. niveus compared to Anne, Cascade Bounty, Caroline, and Saanich. No UK-371804 chemical information matter red raspberry variety, P. penetrans has the prospective to considerably lower plant development throughout establishment. Though R. niveus and R. leucodermis supported the smallest improve in root populations of P. penetrans, it is apparent that under heavy P. penetrans stress these Rubus species are not fully resistant to P. penetrans. These results clearly demonstrate the need to have for pre-plant management of P. penetrans in fields where red raspberry are going to be planted. NEW DIPLOSCAPTER SP. (RHABDITIDA: DIPLOSCAPTERIDAE) From the NATIVE ANT, PROLASIUS ADVENUS, IN NEW ZEALAND. Zhao, Zeng Qi1, K.A. Davies2, E.C. Brenton-Rule3, J. Grangier3, M.A.M. Gruber3, R.M. GiblinDavis4, and Philip J. Lester3. 1Landcare Investigation, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; two Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, College of Agriculture, Meals and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; 3Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; and 4University of Florida-IFAS, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314. A newly-discovered species of Diploscapter sp. was recovered from dissections in the ant Prolasius advenus and from its nests from beech (Nothofagus) forests of your northern PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20060988 South Island along with the southern North Island in New Zealand. Each the ant and its related Diploscapter sp. appear to become native to New Zealand. This can be a new host record for Diploscapter and also the 1st report of an ant associate in the southern hemisphere. Second-stage juveniles (J2) (based upon size with the gonad primordium) and J3 and J4s had been extracted from ant heads and free-living J3 and J4 juveniles had been collected from nest detritus, but no dauer juveniles had been observed. Associative juveniles of Diplogaster sp. had been observed nictating, behaviour suggestive of host-seeking. Males have been not recovered from ant nests or from cultured nematodes corroborating previous reports that they are rare or absent within this genus. Adult females were observed with bilateral symmetry from the head, characteristic dorsal and ventral projections on the putative cheilostom with paired hook-like structures or hamuli, expansive membranous lateral lip flaps or laciniae; gymnostom and stegostom with parallel walls; a swollen procorpus, massive terminal bulb having a powerful valve; paired ovaries with medial vulva; in addition to a short conoid tail with slender pointed or spicate tip. Scanning electron micrographs of the head confirmed that the lateral laciniae with finger-like tines or filopodia are moveable (alternately covering and exposing the mouth). Th.