Of photosynthetic rates (f), biomass (g), C content material (h) and C:N ratio (i) amongst NJ6, NJ6-sd1 and NJ6-sd1-OsGRF4ngr2 plants. Information shown as imply s.e.m. (n = 30). Unique letters denote considerable differences (P 0.05, Duncan’s many range test). j, Relative shoot abundances of mRNAs transcribed from cell-cycle regulatory genes in NJ6, NJ6-sd1 and NJ6-sd1-OsGFR4ngr2 plants. Transcription relative to the level in NJ6-sd1 plants (set to one particular). Information shown as mean s.e.m. (n = three). Unique letters denote important differences (P 0.05, Duncan’s many variety test). k, ChIP-PCR assays. Diagram depicts the OscycA1.1 and Oscdc2Os-3 promoters and regions (GCGGcontaining fragment marked with ) utilised for ChIP-PCR. Information shown as mean s.e.m. (n = 3). Distinct letters denote significant differences (P 0.05, Duncan’s multiple range test).l, Transactivation assays in the OscycA1.1 and Oscdc2Os-3 promoters. Data shown as imply s.e.m. (n = 12). Unique letters denote considerable differences (P 0.05, Duncan’s various range test).Europe PMC Funders Author Manuscripts Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsExtended Data Figure 8. All-natural allelic variation at OsGRF4 is related with variation in plant and grain morphology and grain yield efficiency.a, DNA polymorphisms inside the promoter area of OsGRF4. Green-shaded regions indicate the three special SNP variations connected with phenotypic variation in NM73 and RD23. bf, Boxplots for plant height (b), grain length (c), grain width (d), the amount of grains perNature. Author manuscript; offered in PMC 2019 February 15.Li et al.Pagepanicle (e), and grain yield performance (f) of rice varieties carrying distinct OsGRF4 promoter haplotypes (Hap.; A, B or C). All data from plants grown in normal paddy-field fertilization conditions22. Information shown as imply s.e.m. (Hap. A, n = 74; Hap. B, n = 28; Hap. C, n = 123). The violin map was constructed in R. Diverse letters above columns indicate statistically significant differences between groups (Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test, P 0.05; panels b-f).Europe PMC Funders Author Manuscripts Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsExtended Information Figure 9. Agronomic traits displayed by 9311 and 9311-OsGRF4ngr2 plants grown at varying N fertilisation levels.a, Flag leaf width. Information shown as imply s.e.m. (n = 30). A two-sided Student’s Dynorphin A (1-8) supplier t-test was employed to create the P values. b, Culm width with the uppermost internode. Information shown as mean s.e.m. (n = 30). A two-sided Student’s t-test was used to create the P values. c, 15NH + uptake. d, 15NO – uptake. Data shown as imply s.e.m. (n = 30). A two-sided four 3 Student’s t-test was utilized to create the P values. Rice root 15NH4+ (c) and 15NO3- (d) uptake rates of 4-week old plants grown in varying N supply (0.15N, 0.1875 mM NH4NO3; 0.3N, 0.375 mM NH4NO3; 0.6N, 0.75 mM NH4NO3; 1N, 1.25 mM NH4NO3). e, The amount of grains per panicle. Data shown as mean s.e.m. (n = 30). A two-sided Student’s t-test was used to generate the P values. f, 1,000-grain weight. Information shown as imply s.e.m. (n = 30). A two-sided Student’s t-test was used to produce the P values. g, Harvest index. Information shown as mean s.e.m. (n = 30). A two-sided Student’s t-test was applied to generate theNature. Author manuscript; readily available in PMC 2019 February 15.Li et al.PageP values. h, Dry biomass per plant. Information shown as mean s.e.m. (n = 30). A two-sided Student’s t-test was used to generate the P values.Europe PMC Funders Author Manuscripts Europe P.