O investigate the partnership involving the parameters for ice modeling as well as the simulated mechanical properties of ice, we simulated the threepoint bending test and uniaxial compressive test of an ice beam. Figure two shows the dimensions and test setup from the ice specimen. Inside the threepoint bending simulation, the distance (l) involving the two fixed supporting points was 500 mm along with the length of the ice specimen (L) was 700 mm. The width (b) and height (h) were set to become the exact same at 70 mm. A continuous downward vertical load with a constant rate of 0.002 m/s was applied in the middle point on the best side from the ice beam. The supporting and loading points also had been modelled by a diskshaped particle. Inside the uniaxial compressive tests, the distance (l) amongst leading and bottom plates was 250 mm. The width (b) and height (h) were set to become exactly the same at 100 mm. The bottom plate was fixed, along with the continuous downward load of 0.002 m/s was applied to the leading plate. The bottom and leading plates were modelled by a diskshaped particle. Sea ice is quasibrittle heterogenous and anisotropic. In the present study, for simplicity, the sea ice was assumed to become homogeneous, anisotropic, and elastic brittle [24,25,32]. The ice beam was represented by the particle assembly using a frequent arrangement for example the Hexagonal Close Packing (HCP) [24,25,32]. This arrangement results in anisotropy but yields a significantly less realistic crack pattern as compared to the randomized packing [27]. Despite the TFV-DP Anti-infection limitations from the regular arrangement, it could bring about a constant and predictable mechanical behavior, which was valuable for establishing the partnership between the parameters for ice modeling and the simulated mechanical properties of ice [20,246,32]. Within the modeling regarding the level ice for the ice tructure interaction issues, the crucial mechanical properties were the bond Young’s modulus, flexural strength, and compressive strength [34]. The threepoint bending and uniaxial compressive tests have been carried out to obtain the simulated Young’s Ganoderic acid N In stock modulus (Es ), too because the flexural strength ( f ) and also the compressive strength (c ) in the ice beam. The total make contact with force acting on theAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,6 ofloading particle indicated the load applied towards the ice beam, whilst the deformation on the ice beam was expressed by the displacement of your loading particle. The flexural strength as well as the compressive strength of your ice beam might be calculated as f = 3 Pmax l 2 bh2 (19)Pmax (20) bh where Pmax would be the maximum load when the ice beam is broken. The simulated Young’s modulus (Es ) may be derived from the stressdeflection curve as c = Es = l two (B A ) 6h (UB U A ) (21)where the subscripts A and B denote the two arbitrary chosen points in the stressdeflection curve. In the threepoint bending and uniaxial compressive tests, the bond Young’s modulus (Eb ), the bond strength (b ), as well as the relative particle size ratio (h/d) had been studied because the main parameters of the make contact with and bond models. Figure three shows the failure procedure in the threepoint bending test. The compressive pressure was enhanced in the upper component and also the tensile tension was increased at the lower part of the ice beam until the crack appeared at t = 0.4792 s. It may be observed that the crack occurred near the lower element at t = 0.4794 s. As the compressive tension concentrated near the upper element at t = 0.4796 s, the ice beam broke at t = 0.4800 s. The fracture of the ice beam occurred in the middle point using a gra.