N progress for the reverse cycle. Also, a approach was
N progress for the reverse cycle. Additionally, a method was proposed to predict the indicated operate from the positive Stirling cycles primarily based on the reverse ones. Probably the most important challenge with this system was to establish an connected model from the gas temperatures within the expansion/compression space. A mathematical model to predict the indicated energy from the optimistic and reverseWheat2 Stirling cycles was proposed: -W = A( Tge2 -Tgc2 . The error between the values of gc1 ge1 cool1 the model along with the experiment with He at two.8 MPa was at the array of -0.five.4 . These results indicate that the model can give a lot helpful data for studying a Stirling engine as well as a refrigerator simultaneously and can probably bring a practical approach for forecasting a optimistic cycle by means of a reverse one. T-TBAuthor Contributions: S.W. and Gang Xiao contributed to all elements of this function; B.L. performed the data analysis; S.W. and G.X. wrote the principle manuscript text; M.N. gave some valuable comments and recommendations for this function. All authors reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version from the manuscript. Funding: This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51776186).Energies 2021, 14,20 ofData Availability Statement: The information presented in this study are offered on request from the author. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.NomenclatureA Ah /Aco Aw a B Bd Bp cco Cref Dc Dro Dresh e hj km L lresh Lt km n P Qacc Qacco Qach Qadh Qacco Qadco Qresh Qw Qrloss Qsh qco qmleak qco R Re sd SE SR sp St Tgh /Tgk Tge /Tgc Twh /Twk Th /Tk Tleak Tresh u Ve /Vc Wacip stress term coefficient heat transfer area from the heater/cooler (m2 ) cross-sectional area (m2 ) ank angle temperature term coefficient displacer piston rod length (m) power piston rod length (m) heat capacity of water (J/(kg )) Reynolds friction element cylinder diameter (m) displacer piston rod diameter (m) regenerator shell diameter (m) eccentricity (m) cross-sectional loss coefficient material thermal conductivity (WK-3 ) connecting rod length (m) regenerator shell height (m) thermal wavelength (m) material thermal conductivity (Wm-1 K-1 ) rotational speed (r/min) pressure (MPa) actual cooling energy (W) of SR actual cooling power (W) of SE actual heat input (W) of SE adiabatic analysis heat input (W) actual cooling power (W) of SE adiabatic evaluation cooling power (W) regenerator shell natural convective heat loss (W) heat conduction loss (W) regenerative heat loss (W) shuttle heat loss (W) cooling water flow (kg/s) leakage mass flow (kg -1 ) cooling water flow (kg/s) the universal gas continuous (J/(mol )) Reynolds Nitrocefin Data Sheet quantity expansion space height (m) Stirling engine Stirling refrigerator compression space height (m) Stanton number gas temperature in the heater/cooler ( C) gas temperature in expansion/compression space ( C) wall temperature of the heater/cooler ( C) adiabatic evaluation gas temperature in heater/cooler ( C) leakage gas temperature (K) regenerator shell average temperature ( C) velocity of functioning gas (m/s) volumes of expansion/compression space (m3 ) actual indicated energy -Irofulven manufacturer output (W)Energies 2021, 14,21 ofWacipi Wacipo Wadip Wcy Wfj Wfr Wgp Wleak Wshactual cycle input power of SR (W) actual cycle output energy (W) of SE adiabatic analysis indicated energy (W) indicated work (J) minor energy loss (W) flow resistance power loss (W) gas spring hysteresis power losses (W) seal leakage power loss (.