Ium in onion which was not detected at 17.5 years soon after the
Ium in onion which was not detected at 17.5 years immediately after the get started of your experiment (Table two). The initial seed infection percentages varied considerably amongst the distinct crops, from only 1 or several to as much as 90 infection. Uncomplicated linear regression analyses revealed that infection percentage of 3 with the investigated pathogens (Drechslera dictyoides, Drechslera phlei and Septoria nodorum) declined drastically and that 1 pathogen (Phoma betae) had increased over 30 years of storage. Amongst the other pathogens, no important trends had been discovered; having said that, the infection percentages fluctuated during the years (Table 2). In spite of efforts to acquire samples that have been representative in the seed lots, some random sampling variation amongst sub-samples during preparation with the components for the experiment can not be excluded. Infection by pathogens was shown to result in higher variation in between tests than was anticipated from theoretical sampling error (e.g., [12]), and it is likely that this contributed to the differences amongst testing events in our study. Moreover, a slight change in the state in the stereomicroscope or inside the examiners’ concentration Methyl jasmonate supplier around the function could cause variations in results among evaluation events.Microorganisms 2021, 9,5 ofTable 2. Percentages of infected seeds and very simple linear regression analyses of pathogen infection through the initial 30 years of the 100-year storage experiment with ten seed lots stored at -3.five C (permafrost) in an abandoned coalmine in Svalbard, Norway. Crop Species Wheat 1 Wheat two Barley Meadow fescue Timothy Lettuce Onion Carrot Beet Cabbage Pathogen 0 Septoria nodorum Fusarium spp. Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici Drechslera spp. Fusarium spp. Drechslera dictyoides Drechslera phlei Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) Botrytis allii Fusarium spp. Alternaria radicina Alternaria dauci Phoma betae Alternaria brassicicola 15 5 five.two 38 8 63 70 1.eight four 1 four 6 43Storage Years two.5 16 10 5.7 36 13 62 77 three.8 4 1 two 9 36 88 5 13 12 7.7 64 8 61 69 4.0 3 1 12 9 45 92 7.five four 1 7.2 45 2 47 71 three.0 5 1 eight 12 36 98 10 11 six 9.0 50 22 51 76 2.4 10 1 two ten 38 95 12.5 9 9 7.7 41 8 57 73 two.9 13 4 8 12 49 98 15 five eight eight.4 36 7 47 66 2.two 21 1 five 12 41 97 17.five 3 two 7.0 50 5 52 65 two.4 7 0 5 15 53 99 20 13 four five.two 54 10 47 65 1.9 10 1 12 12 55 93 25 7 6 4.9 30 18 37 63 1.7 2 1 4 six 44 82 30 1 7 4.7 47 eight 34 65 2.0 1 four 6 9 56Regression Equation y = 13.7 – 0.4x y = 7.3 – 0.1x y = 7.3 – 0.0x y = 45.5 – 0.1x y = 9.1 0.1x y = 62.9 – 0.9x y = 73.9 – 0.4x y = three.2 – 0.0x y = 7.five – 0.0x y = 0.8 0.0x y = 5.7 0.0x y = 9.7 0.0x y = 38.3 0.five y = 95.1 – 0.2xR2 45.8 4.0 11.8 0.four 1.0 81.1 51.8 33.2 0.1 13.1 0.9 1.7 45.0 11.p-Value 1 0.02 0.56 0.30 0.86 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.95 0.27 0.78 0.70 0.02 0.p-value 0.05 BMS-8 Technical Information indicates a significant trend through the years (tested by a straightforward regression model).Microorganisms 2021, 9,six of3.1. Reduced Seed Infection Percentages throughout Storage Seed infection by D. dictyoides, causing net blotch/leaf blight/leaf spot in meadow fescue, seemed to decline just after 5 years, and was lowered from 63 to 34 (p = 0.00) during the storage period (Table two). The infection percentage of D. phlei, causing leaf spot/leaf streak in timothy, was decreased from 70 to 65 (p = 0.01) following 30 years, with an indication of reduced longevity soon after 12.5 years. Within a prior study of Drechslera spp. in Norwegian timothy and meadow fescue seed the infection percentages have been significantly lowered after 3 years of storage at space temperature, from 12 to six on typical for.