ance, endocrine, power metabolism, digestive technique, protein production, cytoplasmic translation, and regulation (Supplementary Materials, Excels S3 and S4). The Bcl-B Molecular Weight numbers of MCT1 Compound contracted gene families in genus clades inside the phylogenetic tree were higher than that the numbers of expanded genes. The numbers of contracted gene families in most species had been reduce, except for two related species of V. javana sp. 7 and sp. 2 and 4 taxa of Blastophaga (Figure 2a,b). For contracted gene families, the GO- and KEGG-enriched gene families in V. javana sp. 7 and sp. 2 were connected to amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, power metabolism or carbohydrate metabolism, plus the nervous technique, however the certain gene households and metabolic pathways (and, certainly, the proteins that they create) had been diverse (Supplementary Components, Excels S3 and S4). 4 enzymes or gene households connected to protein synthesis (e.g., serine and threonine) enriched in KEGG were shared among B. sp.-F. abeli and B. sp.-F. pyriformis (Table 2; Supplementary Materials, Excel S4). Ribosome, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis-related genes at the same time as neurodegenerative disease-related genes have been shared between B. sp.-F. formosa and B. sp.-F. erecta var. beecheyana. No KEGG pathway was shared amongst the 4 taxa. 3.5. Contraction of Genes Involved in Chemosensory It has been reported that some chemosensory gene households in fig wasps have seasoned dramatic contractions in relation to other insects [6]. As a result, we compared the numbers of genes in OBP, Or, CSP, Ir, and Gr families amongst fig wasps and other insect species (Table 3; Figure 3a,b). The numbers for OBPs and CSPs inside the fig wasps were 65 (14.7 7.four) and 128 (19.5 six.6), when in other insects these figures wereInsects 2021, 12,11 of92 (30.7 21.two) and 91 (19 7.five); there were no important differences in OBP and CSP numbers when comparing fig wasps with other insects (t-test: t = -1.966, p = 0.094; t = 0.165, p = 0.870). The numbers of genes for Or, Ir and Gr households in fig wasps were 208 (33.6 16.4), 62 (13.2 three.6), and 59 (10.2 3.six), respectively, when those in the other insects have been 9481 (298.3 214.5), 290 (40.0 12.0), and 3943 (57.7 35.1); there had been considerably lower numbers of genes in every single of those 3 sensory classes in fig wasps when compared to other insects (t = -3.262, p = 0.017; t = -5.86, p = 0.001; t = -4.931, p = 0.003).Table three. Numbers of OBP, Or, CSP, Ir, and Gr genes amongst 25 fig wasps and 7 other insect species. Species Valisia javana sp. 7 V. javana sp. 2 V. javana sp. 8 V. esquirolianae V. javana sp. 1 V. medusa V. cf filippina V. malayana V. compacta V. sp.-F. langkokensis Platyscapa quadraticeps P. sp.-F. concinna P. sp.-F. rumphill Eupristina altissima Blastophaga sp.-F. abeli B. sp.-F. pyriformis B. sp.-F. formosa B. sp.-F. erecta var. beecheyana B. sp.-F. variolosa Ceratosolen appendiculatus C. fusciceps C. gravelyi C. solmsi C. constrictus Kradibia tentacularis Imply for 25 fig wasps SE Nasonia vitripennis Copidosoma floridanum Apis mellifera Polistes canadensis Acromyrmex echinatior Orussus abietinus Drosophila melanogaster Imply for seven other insects SE OBP 31 23 16 13 15 19 11 16 13 16 11 8 six 7 11 11 9 12 29 14 ten 11 9 12 35 14.72 7.45 62 47 21 11 17 9 48 30.72 21.16 Or 33 45 27 38 30 30 21 21 21 20 26 23 20 73 22 20 27 30 27 78 63 43 47 34 22 33.64 16.39 474 186 343 181 681 94 129 298.29 214.51 CSP 38 26 16 14 16 24 24 28 14 23 16 23 15 16 20 13 14 14 24 19 16 12