N the case of Proteus, isolates of P. vulgaris have been resistant, 4/4(one hundred ) against two drugs tested (gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and 3/4(75 ) were resistant to chloramphenicol. Moreover, these isolates produced 2/4(50 ) resistance to 5 drugs tested, ie., meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefopime, and piperacillin. Interestingly, 3/4(75 ) of them showed susceptibility to ceftriaxone, whereas, 5/6(83 ) in the isolates of P. mirabilis produced resistance against each tetracycline and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Besides, 4/6(67 ) of your isolates of P. mirabilis showed resistance to 3 drugs, ie., trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, meropenem, and chloramphenicol. At the very same time, resistance exhibited against three drugs including gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone was 3/6(50 ) only. It truly is noted that 5/6(83 ) of those isolates had been susceptible to piperacillin, whereas the susceptibility to ampicillin and cefopime each was exactly the same, 4/6(67 ) only (Table 5). Altogether, it can be clear that the isolates of Gram-negative bacilli were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (75 ) and tetracycline (69 ); nevertheless, they were only moderately susceptible to piperacillin (65 ) and chloramphenicol (62 ), excluding the isolates of P. aeruginosa.MDR profiles of bacterial isolatesOut of the 229 total bacterial isolates, 122 had been located to become MDR (53.2 ) of which, 54/99 (54.5 ) belong for the Gram-negative group and 68/130(52.three ) had been Gram-positives. The MDR Gram-positive bacteria consist of 26/46(56.five ) of S. aureus, 21/40(52.five ) CoNs, 8/22 (36.4 ) Enterococci sp., 7/7(one hundred ), Streptococcus sp. 2/11 (18.2 ) and 4/4(one hundred ) each and every of Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. respectively. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, MDR types comprise 7/15 (46.6 ) of E. coli, P. vulgaris, 1/4 (25 ), C. freundii, 4/8 (50 ), P. aeruginosa, 8/18 (44.four ), Acinetobacter sp., 12/16(75 ) and K. pneumoniae, 12/21(57 ) (Table six).ESBL and carbapenemase-producing isolates of Gram-negative bacilliOut on the 99 isolates of Gram-negative bacilli, 26/99(26.3 ) have been identified to become ESBL producers and carbapenemase production was observed within the case of 25/99(25 ). The co-existence of both ESBL and carbapenemase producers was observed inside the case of 6(6 ) whereas the production of ESBL was confirmed inside the case of 7/16(43.eight ) isolates of Acinetobacter sp., E. coli, 5/ 15(33.3 ) and P. mirabilis, 2/6(33.3 ). Alternatively, a high percentage of carbapenemase production was observed in the case of P.PLAU/uPA Protein medchemexpress aeruginosa, 13/18(72.CCN2/CTGF Protein Biological Activity 2 ), followed by K.PMID:22664133 PLOS One particular | doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271022 July 7,11 /PLOS ONEAir microbial load and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteriaTable 6. MDR, ESBLs and carbapenemase enzyme production patterns of Gram-negative isolates. Bacterial isolates E. coli (n = 15) K. pneumoniae (n = 21) E. aerogenes aerogenes (n = 11) P. mirabilis (n = 6) P. aeruginosa (n = 18) Acinetobacter sp. (n = 16) C. freundii (n = eight) P. vulgaris (n = four) Gram-negative Total (n = 99) S. aureus (n = 46) CoNS (n = 40) Enterococcus sp.(n = 22) Streptococcus sp. (n = 11) Bacillus sp. (n = 7) Micrococcus sp. (n = four) Gram-positive Total(n = 130) Typical total (n = 229) MDR n ( ) 7(46.six) 12(57) 6(54.five) 4(66.7) 8(44.four) 12(75) 4(50) 1(25) 54(54) 26(56.5) 21(52.5) eight(36.four) two(18.2) 7(one hundred) four(one hundred) 68(52.3) 122(53.three) ESBLs producers n ( ) 5(33.3) 6(28.5) two(18.2) two(33.3) three(16.7) 7(43.8) 1(12.5) 0(0) 26(26.three) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Carbapenemase producers n ( ) 3(20) 5(two.